Pittermann, W. Tierversuchsfrei forschen mit dem Rindereuter-Modell. Parfumerie und Kosmetik 80, Jahrgang, Nr 3/99. [Article in German; English summary].

Vitamin E - 01406-18-4; vitamin A palmitate - 00079-81-2; panthenol - 16485-10-2;

sodium lauryl sulfate - 00151-21-3

The isolated perfused bovine udder (Bovine Udder System, BUS-model) offers a scientific in vitro method in the dermatological and cosmetic research as well. It provides information concerning substance interaction in natural skin and mucous membranes which can not be obtained with other in vitro methods or in human studies. The review summarizes selected topics concerning the penetration patterns of vitamins (vitamin E, vitamin A palmitat, panthenol) and irritation potentials of surfactants (APG, SDS).