Bibliography

07-26-04

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Abrams, K., Harvell, J.D., Shriner, D., Wertz, P., Maibach, H., Maibach, H., and S.J. Rehfeld. Effect of Organic Solvents on In Vitro Human Skin Water Barrier Function J. Invest. Dermatol. 1993. 101: 609-613.

Aeby, P. and M. Bracher. Evaluation of CD86 Modulation and IL-1b Gene Expression on Cultured Dendritic-Like Cells as Predictive Endpoints for Contact Sensitisers. ATLA. 1999. 27: 359.

Api, A. M. Fragrances and the Skin: Animal Alternatives 1992. Collection of Conference Proceedings: Sixth International Information Exchange. Nov. 19-20. Research Institute for Fragrance Materials. Princeton, NJ.

Api, A. M. In Vitro Assessment of Phototoxicity. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(3): 339-350.

Arroyo, C.M., A.J. Carmichael, and C.A. Broomfield. Could Nitrosyl Chloride Be Produced by Human Skin Keratinocytes and Sulfur Mustard? A Magnetic Resonance Study. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(2): 253-261.

Augustin, C., C. Collombel, and O. Damour. Use of In Vitro Dermal Equivalent and Skin Equivalent Kits for Evaluating Cutaneous Toxicity of Cosmetic Products. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(1): 23-31.

B

Babich, H. and E. Borenfreund. Cytotoxic and Morphological Effects of Phenylpropanolamine, Caffeine, Nicotine, and Some of their Metabolites Studied In Vitro. Toxic. in Vitro 1992. 6(6): 493-502.

Bagchi, M., C. Kuszynski, E. B. Patterson, L. Tang, D. Bagchi, T. Saani, and S.J. Stohs. In Vitro Free Radical Production in Human Oral Keratinocytes Induced by Smokeless Tobacco Extract. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(2): 263-274.

Bagley, D.M., J.R. Gardner, G. Holland, R.W. Lewis, J.-F. Regnier, D.A. Stringer, and A.P. Walker. Skin Irritation: Reference Chemicals Data Bank. Toxic in Vitro 1996. 10:1-6.

Balasubramani, M, M. Babu and P.K. Sehgal. In Vitro Biocompatibility Test for Collagen-Based Dressings. [Letter to the Editor]. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Animal. 1997. 33:223-227.

Barker, C. L. and R. H. Clothier. Human Keratinocyte Cultures as Models of Cutaneous Esterase Activity. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 637-640.

Barlow, A., B. Drewitt, P. S. Williamson, and J. P. McPherson. Comparison of the 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake Assay and a Three-Application Patch Test in Assessing the Dermal Irritation of a Selection of Personal Care Products. ATLA 1999. 27: 342.

Barratt, M.D., D.A. Basketter, and D.W. Roberts. Skin Sensitization Structure-Activity Relationships for Phenyl Benzoates. Toxic. in Vitro 1994. 8(4): 823-826.

Barratt, M. D., D.A. Basketter, M. Chamberlain, M.P. Payne, G.D. Admans, and J.J. Langowski. Development of an Expert System Rulebase for Identifying Contact Allergens. Toxic. in Vitro 1994. 8(4): 837-839.

Barratt, M.D., D.A. Basketter, M. Chamberlain, G.D. Admans, and J.J. Langowski. An Expert System Rulebase for Identifying Contact Allergens. Toxic in Vitro 1994 8(5): 1053-1060.

Barratt, M.D. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships for Skin Permeability. Toxic. in Vitro 1995. 9(1): 27-37.

Barratt, M.D. The Role of Structure-Activity Relationships and Expert Systems in Alternative Strategies for the Determination of Skin Sensitisation, Skin Corrosivity and Eye Irritation. ATLA 1995. 23: 111-122.

Barratt, M.D. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) for Skin Corrosivity of Organic Acids, Bases and Phenols: Principal Components and Neural Network Analysis of Extended Datasets. Toxic. in Vitro 1996. 10: 85-94.

Barratt, M.D. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships for Skin Irritation and Corrosivity of Neutral and Electrophilic Organic Chemicals. Toxic. in Vitro 1996. 10:247-256.

Barratt, M.D., M.B. Dixit and P. A. Jones. The Use of In Vitro Cytotoxicity Measurements in QSAR Methods for the Prediction of the Skin Corrosivity Potential of Acid. Toxic. in Vitro 1996. 10: 283-290.

Barratt, M.D., P.G. Brantom, J. H. Fentem, I. Gerner, A.P. Walker, and A.P. Worth. The ECVAM International Validation Study on In Vitro Tests for Skin Corrosivity: 1. Selection and Distribution of the Test Chemicals. Toxic. in Vitro 1998. 12(4):471-482.

Bartnik, F. G., W. F. Pittermann, N. Mendorf, U. Tillman, and K. Kunstler. Skin Organ Culture for the Study of Skin Irritancy. Toxic. in Vitro. 1990. 4(4/5): 293-301.

Basketter, D.A. and E.W. Scholes. Comparison of the Local Lymph Node Assay with the Guinea-Pig Maximization Test for the Detection of a Range of Contact Allergens. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1992. 30(1): 65-69.

Basketter, D.A., E. Whittle, and M. Chamberlain. Identification of Irritation and Corrosion Hazards to Skin: An Alternative Strategy to Animal Testing. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1994. 32(6): 539-542.

Basketter, D.A., E.W. Scholes, and I. Kimber. The Performance of the Local Lymph Node Assay with Chemicals Identified as Contact Allergens in the Human Maximization Test. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1994. 32(6): 543-547.

Basketter, D.A., E.W. Scholes, M. Chamberlain, and M.D. Barratt. An Alternative Strategy to the Use of Guinea Pigs for the Identification of Skin Sensitization Hazard. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1995. 33(12): 1051-1056.

Basketter, D.A. and M. Chamberlain. Validation of Skin Sensitization Assays. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1995. 33(12): 1057-1059.

Basketter, D.A., G.F. Gerberick, I. Kimber, and S.E. Loveless. The Local Lymph Node Assay: A Viable Alternative to Currently Accepted Skin Sensitization Tests. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1996. 34: 985-997.

Basketter, D., F. Gerberick, and I. Kimber. Validation in Practice: The Reality for Skin Sensitisation.ATLA 1999. 27: 96

Bason, M. M., J. Harvell, B. Realica, V. Gordon, and H. I. Maibach. Comparison of in Vitro and Human in Vivo Dermal Irritancy Data for Four Primary Irritants. Toxic. in Vitro 1992. 6(5): 383-387

Baumer, W.and M. Kietzmann. The Isolated Perfused Bovine Udder as a Model of Dermal Eicosanoid Release. ATLA 2000. 28(5).

Baynes, R. E., G. L. Qiao, J. D. Brooks, N. A. Monteiro-Riviere and J. E. Riviere. Percutaneous Absorption and Toxicity of the Benzidine Dye Direct Red 28 Applied in a Mechanistically-Defined Chemical Mixture (MDCM) Using Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap. The Toxicologist 15: 325, 1995.

Benassi, L., G. Bertazzoni, C. Magnoni, A. di Nardo, L. Grenzi, and S. Seidenari. Effects of Tensides on Normal Human Keratinocytes: A Decrease in Toxic Potential When Used in Association. ATLA 1999. 27: 342.

Benassi, L., G. Bertazzoni, C. Magnoni, A. Di Nardo, E. Euclidi and S. Seidenari. Sodium Lauryl Sulphate Causes Interleukin-1a Release from Normal Human keratinocytes: Dose-Response and Time-Course Curves. ATLA 1999. 27: 343.

Benford, D. J., R. Roguet, and J. Southee. Human Skin Models: A Discussion Report. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 589-590.

Berna, N., A. Coquette, A. Vandenbosch, and Y. Poumay. Use of Reconstructed Epidermis to Assess Keratinocyte Activation by Skin Irritant and Sensitizing Compounds. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1998. 110(4): 657. Abstract #1108.

Bernhofer, L., C. Juneja, and K. Martin. The Use of Mattek Epi-Dermal Equivalent for Prediction of Irritation Potential. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1995. 105(6): 874.

Bernhofer, L.P., M. Seiberg, and K.M. Martin. 1999. The Influence of the Response of Skin Equivalent Systems to Topically Applied Consumer Products by Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions. Toxic. in Vitro. 13: 219-229.

Bernhofer, L.P., S. Barkovic, Y. Appa and K.M. Martin. 1999. IL-1a and IL-1ra Secretion from Epidermal Equivalents and the Prediction of the Irritation Potential of Mild Soap and Surfactant-based Consumer Products. Toxic. in Vitro. 13: 231-239.

Beuscher, N., M. Kietzmann, E. Bien, and P. Champeroux. Inteference of Myrtol Standardized with Inflammatory and Allergic Mediators. Arzneim.-Forsch./Drug Res. 48(II), Nr. 10 (1998).

Bhat, K., B. Benton, and R. Ray. DNA Ligase Activation Following Sulfur Mustard Exposure in Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. In Vitro Molec. Toxicol. 1998. 11(1): 45-53.

Bianchi, V. and E. Fortunati. Cellular Effects of an Anionic Surfactant Detected in V79 Fibroblasts by Different Cytotoxicity Tests. Toxic. in Vitro 1990. 4(1): 9-16.

Bloom, E., M. Sznitowska, J. R. Polansky, H. I. Maibach. Growth Stimulation of Cultured Cells Following Irritant Exposure. The Toxicologist. February 1992. 12(1):111 (Abstract #359).

Bock, U., Haltner, E., U. Schafer, and C-M Lehr. In Vitro Models Based on Human Epithelial Cells and Tissues to Study Drug Absorption and Permeability.ATLA 1999. 27: 86.

Boelsma, E., H. Tanojo, H. E. Bodde, and M. Ponec. An In Vivo-In Vitro Study of the Use of a Human Skin Equivalent for Irritancy Screening of Fatty Acids. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 365-376.

Botham, P. A., T. J. Hall, R. Dennet, J. C. McCall, D. A. Basketter, E. Whittle, M. Cheeseman, D. J. Esdaile and J. Gardner. The Skin Corrosivity Test in Vitro. Results of An Inter-Laboratory Trial. Toxic. in Vitro. 1992. 6: 191-194.

Botham, P.A., M. Chamberlain, M.D. Barratt, R.D. Curren, D.J. Esdaile, J.R. Gardner, V.C. Gordon, B. Hildebrand, R.W. Lewis, M. Liebsch, P. Logemann, R. Osborne, M. Ponec, J.-F. Regnier, W. Steiling, A.P. Walker, and M. Balls. A Prevalidation Study on In Vitro Skin Corrosivity Testing. The Report and Recommendations of ECVAM Workshop. ATLA 1995. 23: 219-255.

Botham, P.A., L.K. Earl, J.H. Fentem, R. Roguet, and J.J.M. van de Sandt. Alternative Methods for Skin Irritation Testing: the Current Status. ATLA 1998. 26: 195-211.

Botham, P. Skin Corrosion and Irritation: Toward Complete Replacement.ATLA 1999. 27: 108.

Brain, K.R., K.A. Walters, V.J. James, W.E. Dressler, D. Howes, C.K. Kelling, S.J. Moloney and S.D. Gettings. Percutaneous Penetration of Dimethylnitrosamine Through Human Skin In Vitro: Application from Cosmetic Vehicles. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1995. 33(4): 315-322.

Braut-Boucher, F., J. Pichon, J. Wantyghem, M.-P. Muriel, M. Giner, J. Gont and M. Aubery. Human Keratinocyte Models: Assessment of Cell Adhesion and Dermotoxicity using Fluorescent Probes. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 601-611.

C

Cannon, C.L., P.J. Neal, J. Kubilus, M. Klausner. Lot-to-Lot Variability of EpiDermÔ , An Epidermal Model for Dermal Irritancy Testing. The Toxicologist 1994. 14(1). Abstact #349.

Cannon, C.L., P.J. Neal, J. Kubilus, M. Klausner, D.C. Swartendrubber, C.A. Squier, M.J. Kremer, P.W. Wertz. Lipid and Ultrastructural Characterization of a New Epidermal Model Shows Good Correspondence to Normal Human Epidermis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1994. 102(4): 641. Abst. #458.

Cannon, C.L., P.J. Neal, J.A. Southee, J. Kubilus and M. Klausner. New Epidermal Model for Dermal Irritancy Testing. Toxic. In Vitro. 1994. 8(4): 889-891.

Carrara, M., L. Cima, R. Cerini and M. Dalle Carbonare. A New In Vitro Model for Predicting the Toxicity of Cosmetic Products. ATLA. 1992. 20: 138-143.

Carver, M. P., N. A. Monteiro-Riviere, R. A. Rogers, K. F. Bowman and J. E. Riviere. Percutaneous Absorption Kinetics of Organophosphates, Steroids, Caffeine and Benzoic Acid in the Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap (IPPSF). The Toxicologist 7: 244. 1987.

Cavalletti, T., E. Reali, C. Marangoni, S. Bader and S. Traniello. Effects of Neutral Shampoos on Cultures of Human Fibroblasts. ATLA. February 1991. 19(1): 87-93.

Cenni, E., G. Ciapetti, D. Granchi, C. R. Arciola, L. Savarino, S. Stea, L. Montanaro, and A. Pizzoferrato. 1999. Established Cell Lines and Primary Cultures in Testing Medical Devices In Vitro. Toxic. in Vitro. 13: 801-810.

Chamberlain, M. and D.A. Basketter. The Local Lymph Node Assay: Status of Validation. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1996. 34: 999-1002.

Chasse, D.A.D. and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Immunohistochemical Localization of Tumor Necrosis Factor TNF* in Porcine Skin Exposed to Contact Irritants. The Toxicologist 15: 323, 1995.

Chiba, K., K. Kawakami, and K. Tohyama. Simultaneous Evaluation of Cell Viability by Neutral Red, MTT and Crystal Violet Staining Assays of the Same Cells. Toxic. in Vitro 1998. 12(3): 251-258.

Clothier, R. and H. Cox. The Uptake and Photoactivation of Hypericin by Human Keratinocytes and the Protective Effects of Three UV-Filters.ATLA 27: 318. 1999.

Cohen, C., G. Dossou, A. Rougier and R. Roguet. Measurement of Inflammatory Mediators Produced by Human Keratinocytes In Vitro: A Predictive Assessment of Cutaneous Irritation. Toxic. In Vitro. 1991. 5(5/6): 407-410.

Cohen, C., K. G. Dossou, A. Rougier and R. Roguet. Episkin: An In Vitro Model for the Evaluation of Phototoxicity and Sunscreen Photoprotective Properties. Toxic. in Vitro 1994. 8(4): 669-671.

Contard, P., R. L. Bartel, L. Jacobs II, J. S. Perlish, E. D. McDonald II, L. Handler, D. Cone, and R. Fleischmajer. Culturing Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts in a Three-Dimensional Mesh Results in Epidermal Differentiation and Formation of a Basal Lamina-Anchoring Zone. J. Invest. Dermatol. January 1993: 100(1): 35-39.

Cook, J. R., J. Gabriels, L. M. Patrone, L. S. Rhoads, and R. G. Van Buskirk. A Human Epidermal Model That Can Be Used in an Automated Multiple Endpoint Assay. ATLA. 1992. 20: 313-323.

Coquette, A., N. Berna, A. Vandenbosch and Y. Poumay. Specific Enhanced Release of Interleukin-8 and Interleukin-1a in Reconstructed Human Epidermis in Vitro After Stimulation with Different Chemical Classes of Skin Irritants and Contact Sensitisers.ATLA1999. 27: 115.

Coquette, A., Berna, N., Vandenbosch, A., Rosdy, M. and Poumay, Y. Differential Expression and Release of Cytokines by an in Vitro Reconstructed Human Epidermis Following Exposure to Skin Irritant and Sensitizing Chemicals. 1999. Toxicology in Vitro 13: 867-877.

Cornelis, M., C. DuPont, and J. Wepierre. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Tests on Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts to Predict the Irritation Potential of Surfactants. ATLA. 1991. 19: 324-336.

Corsini, E. Selective Induction of Keratinocyte Cytokines by Chemical Allergens.ATLA 1999. 27:114.

Cotovio, J., J. LeClaire, and R. Roguet. Cytochrome P450-Dependent Enzyme Activities in Normal Adult Human Keratinocytes and Transformed Human Keratinocytes. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(2): 207-216.

Cotovio, J., P. Justine, D. Duche, R. Roguet, M. Cottin, and P. Catroux. Phase I, Phase II and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in the Human Reconstructed Epidermis Episkin: Comparison with Human Keratinocyte Monolayers.ATLA 1999. 27: 82.

Cotovio, J., F. Fiat, C. Ferraris, M. Baur, A. Hertzeisen, and P. Catroux. Effect of Calcium on In Vitro Differentiation of Immortalised Adult Human Kerationcytes DK7-NR in Immersed Conditions: Comparison with Cultured Normal Human Keratinocytes. ATLA 1999.27:298.

Courtellemont, P., F. Rattis, D. Schmitt and J. Peguet-Navarro. Effects of Ultraviolet B Radiation on In Vitro Hapten T-Cell Sensitization by Human Langerhans Cells. Toxic. in Vitro 1998. 12(4): 343-351.

Curren, R., K. Wallace, S. Valone and J. Harbell. The Use of the Neutral Red Bioassay Using Normal Human Keratinocytes to Detect Materials Requiring Metabolic Activation. The Toxicologist 1991. 11(1): 277.

D

Daddona, P. New Drug Delivery Systems: Validation of In Vitro Models. ATLA 1996. 24: 111.

Dahl, J. E. 1999. Irritation of Dental Adhesive Agents Evaluated by the HET-CAM Test. Toxic. in Vitro. 13: 259-264.

Davenport, V., J.F. Morris, A.C. Chu. Immunologic protection afforded by sunscreens in vitro. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1997. 108(6): 859-863.

Dean, J., D. Sailstad, D. Hattan, R. Tice, T. Goldsworthy, K. Haneke, R. Hill and W. Stokes.Conclusions of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods-Convened Independent Peer Review Panel Evaluation of the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay.ATLA 27: 332. 1999.

Dearden, J.C., M.D. Barratt, R. Benigni, D.W. Bristol, R.D. Coombes, M.T.D. Cronin, P.N. Judson, M.P. Payne, A.M. Richard, M. Tichy, A.P. Worth, and J.J. Yourick. The Development and Validation of Expert Systems for Predicting Toxicity. ATLA 1997. 25: 223-252.

Degwert, J., F. Steckel, U. Hoppe and L. H. Kligman. In Vitro Model for Contact Sensitization: I. Stimulatory Capacities of Human Blood-derived Dendritic Cells and their Phenotypical Alterations in the Presence of Contact Sensitizers. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 613-618.

Delcourt-Huard, A., A. Corlu, A. Joffre, H. Magloire and M. Bonnaure-Mallet. Reconstituted Human Gingival Epithelium: Nonsubmerged In Vitro Model. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Animal. 1997. 33: 30-36.

De Silva, O., D.A. Basketter, M.D. Barratt, E. Corsini, M.T.D. Cronin, P. K. Das, J. Degwert, A. Enk, J.L. Garrigue, C. Hauser, I. Kimber, J.-P. Lepoittevin, J. Peguet, and M. Ponec. Alternative Methods for Skin Sensitisation Testing. The Report and Recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 19. ATLA 1996. 24: 683-705.

De Smedt, A., Van Den Heuvel, R., Schoeters, G., and B. Zwi. Phenotypic and Functional Characterisation of Dendritic Cells Derived from Human Cord Blood CD34⁺ Haematopoietic Progenitor Cells: an In Vitro Model for Skin Sensitisation? ATLA. 1999. 27: 360.

Dickson, F.M., Lawrence, J.N., and D. J. Benford. Cytotoxicity of 12 Chemicals of Known Human and Skin Irritation Potential in Human Keratinocyte Cultures. Toxic. in Vitro. 1994. 8(4): 661-663.

Dixit, M.B., M. West, L.K. Earl, and W.W. Lovell. A Screen for Photoirritants in Cultured Cells. Toxic. in Vitro 1994. 8(4): 759-761.

Dolfini, E., M. Lavazza, and M. Meloni. Cytotoxicity and Antiaging Activity of Some Cosmetic Compounds: A Pool of In Vitro Tests on Two Human Immortalized Cell Lines, NCTC 2544 and WI-38. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(1): 55-61.

Dolfini, E., Cassina, E., Lavazza, M., and Meloni, M. The In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Cosmetic Compounds on Three Human Immortalised Cell Lines. ATLA. 1999. 27: 344.

Doucet, O., C. Robert, L. Zastrow. Use of a Serum-Free Reconstituted Epidermis as a Skin Pharmacological Model. Toxic. in Vitro 1996. 10: 305-313.

Doucet, O., N. Garcia and L. Zastrow. Skin Culture Model: a Possible Alternative to the Use of Excised Human Skin for Assessing In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption. Toxic. in Vitro 1998. 12(4): 423-430.

Doucet, O., M. Lanvin, and L. Zastrow. A New In Vitro Human Epithelial Model for Assessing the Eye Irritating Potential of Formulated Cosmetic Products. In Vitro & Molecular Toxicol. 1998. 11(4): 273-283.

Doucet, O., N. Garcia, and L. Zastrow. Impairment of the Barrier Function of Excised Human Skin and Reconstituted Epidermis Following Acute Pretreatments with Acetone/Ether. Perspectives in Percutaneous Penetration. 1998. 6A:42.

Dreher, R. M. A Test for Local Irritation Using a Human Keratinocyte Skin Culture - a 'Second Generation Method' for the Replacement of the Draize Test. Alternativen zu Tierexperimenten. 1987. 7:18-25. Abstracted in ATLA (1988) 16, 106.

Dressler, W. E., T. J. Stephens, and E. T. Spence. Selection of an In Vitro Test Battery for Comparing the Relative Dermal Irritancy Potential and Biological Activity of Potential and Biological Activity of Formulated Cosmetic Products. The Toxicologist. February 1992. 12(1):108. (Abstract #345).

Dressler, W.E., R. S. Grabarz, and R. K. Sharma. Comparison of Percutaneous Absorption Characteristics for Two Structurally Related Direct Hair Dyes, HC Blue No. 1 and HC Blue No. 2, In Vitro and In Vivo. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 74. Abstract #345.

Duffy, P. A. Irritancy Testing -- A Cultured Approach. Toxic. in Vitro. 1989. 3(2): 157-158. Meeting Report.

E

Earl, L.K., T.J. Hall-Manning, G.H. Holland, A. Irwin, J.P. McPherson, and J.A. Southee. Skin Irritation Potential of Surfactant Mixtures: Using Relevant Doses in In Vitro Systems. ATLA 1996. 24: 249, Abstract #73.

Edwards, M. J., P. J. Dykes, M. R. O. Donovan, V. R. Merrett, H. E. Morgan and R. Marks. Induction of Heat Shock Proteins as A Measure of Chemical Cytotoxicity. Toxic. in Vitro. 1990. 4(4/5): 270-276.

Elliott, G., C. Pool, and P. Bruijnzeel. Isolated pig ears: An in vitro model for screening for irritant chemicals using stimulation of transepidermal water loss as the test parameter. ATLA 1999. 27: 110.

Ekwall, B., C. Clemedson, F. Bartle, M.C. Calleja, J. Castell, C. Chesne, R. Clothier, R. Curren, P. Dierichx, E. McFarlane-Abdulla, M. Ferro, G Fiskesjo, L. Garza-Ocanas, M.J. Gomez-Lechon, M. Gulden, B. Isomaa, J. Janus, G. Kerszman, U. Kristen, M. Kunimoto, S. Karenlampt, K. Lavrijsen, L. Lewan, T. Ohno, G. Persoone, R. Roguet, L. Romert, T. Sayer, H. Seibert, R. Shrivastava, K. Stadtlander, A. Stammati, N. Tanaka, D. Triglia, M. Valentino, E. Walum, X Wang, F. Zucco, J.D. Harvell, and H. Maibach. Comparison Between Human Skin Irritancy and In Vitro Cytotoxicity From 77 Systems for the First 12 MEIC Chemicals. In Vitro Toxicol. 1994. 7(2): 156.

Enslein, K. H., H. Borgstedt, B. W. Blake, and J. B. Hart. Prediction of Rabbit Skin Irritation Severity by Structure-Activity Relationships. In Vitro Toxicol. 1987. 1(2): 129-147.

F

Faller, C., Bracher, M., Dami, N., and Roguet, R. Predictive ability of reconstructed human epidermis equivalents for the assessment of skin irritation of cosmetics. Toxic. in Vitro. 2002. 16(5): 557-572.

Fartasch, M. and M. Ponec. Improved Barrier Structure Formation in Air-Exposed Human Keratinocyte Culture Systems. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1994. 102: 366-374.

Fartasch, M. and M. Rosdy. Maturation of the Epidermal Barrier in Air-Exposed Keratinocyte Cultures: A Time Course Study. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1996. 107(3): 518. Abstract #423

Fartasch, M., M. Ponec, and M. Rosdy. The Development of A Structurally Competent Epidermal Barrier in Air-Exposed Keratinocyte Cultures: A Time-Course Study. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1996. 107(4): 656. Abstract #3.

Fentem, J.H., G.E.B. Archer, M. Balls, P.A. Botham, R.D. Curren, L.K. Earl, D.J. Esdaile, H.-G. Holzhutter and M. Liebsch. The ECVAM International Validation Study on In Vitro Tests for Skin Corrosivity. 2. Results and Evaluation by the Management Team. Toxic. in Vitro 1998. 12(4): 483-524.

Fentem, J., P. Botham, J. Harbell, B. Koch-Bocabeille, R. Roguet, and J. van de Sandt.Prevalidation of In Vitro Tests for Acute Skin Irritation. ATLA 1999. 27: 346.

Forster, Th., B. Jackwerth, W. Pittermann, W. von Tybinskin and M. Schmitt. Properties of Emulsions. Cosmetics & Toiletries 1997. 112:73-82.

Forster, Th., W. Pittermann, M. Schmitt and M. Kietzmann. Skin Penetration Properties of Cosmetic Formulations. Perspectives in Percutaneous Penetration - 6^th International Conference. (Leiden, Sept. 22-26, 1998).

G

Gajjar, L. and D. J. Benford. Comparison of Cultured Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts as Models for Irritancy Testing In Vitro. Toxic. in Vitro. 1990. 4(4/5): 280-283.

Garcia, N., O. Doucet, M. Bayer, L. Zastro, and J. Marty. Characterisation of the Barrier Function Offered by a Three-Dimensional Skin Culture Model Through Percutaneous Absorption, Transepidermal Water Loss Measurements and Impedance Measurements.ATLA 27: 308. 1999.

Garrett, C.M., D.L. Pollard, T.E. Miller and J.N. McDougal. In Vitro Dermal Absorption of Jet Fuel (JP-8) and Its Components. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 71. Abstract #333.

Gay, R., M. Swiderek, D. Nelson and A. Ernesti. The Living Skin Equivalent as a Model In Vitro For Ranking the Toxic Potential of Dermal Irritants. Toxic. in Vitro. 1992. 6(4): 303-315.

Gentilhomme, E., Y. Neveux, A. Hua, C. Thriot, M. Faure, and J. Thivolet. Action of Bis(betachloroethyl)sulphide(BCES) on Human Epidermis Reconstituted in Culture: Morphological Alterations and Biochemical Depletion of Glutathione. Toxic. in Vitro. 1992.6(2): 139-147.

Gerner, I., S. Zinke, G. Graetschel and E. Schlede. Development of a Decision Support System for the Introduction of Alternative Methods into Local Irritancy/Corrosivity Testing Strategies. Creation of Fundamental Rules for a Decision Support System. ATLA 2000. 28(5).

Gerner, I., G. Graetschel, J. Kahl and E. Schlede. Development of a Decision Support System for the Introduction of Alternative Methods into Local Irritancy/Corrosivity Testing Strategies. Development of a Relational Database. ATLA 2000. 28(1): 11-28.

Gibson, W.T. and M.R. Teall. Interactions of C₁₂ Surfactants with the Skin: Studies on Enzyme Release and Percutaneous Absorption in Vitro. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1983. 21(5): 581-586.

Giridhar, J. and D. Acosta. Elevation of Intracellular Calcium by 13-Cis Retinoic Acid (13-Cis RA) in Primary Rat Keratinocyte Model: Implications for Toxicity. The Toxicologist. February 1992. 12(1): 297. (Abstract #1146).

Giridhar, J. and D. Acosta. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity Potential of Surfactants Using Primary Rat Keratinocyte Culture as an In Vitro Cutaneous Model. In Vitro Toxicol. 1993. 6(1): 33-46

Gogoleva, T., J. Ademola, R. Wester, and P. Magee, and H. Maibach. Relative Contribution of Human Skin Layers on Partitioning of Chemicals with Varying Lipophilicity. In Vitro Molec. Toxicol. 1998. 11(1): 15-22.

Gray, A. C., M. J. Garle, and R. H. Clothier. 1999. Fluorescein Cadaverine Incorporation as a Novel Technique for the Characterization of Terminal Differentiation in Keratinocytes. Toxic. in Vitro. 13: 773-779.

Gray, A., and R. Clothier. Control of Transglutaminase Activity in Human Keratinocytes by Using the Newly Developed Fluorescein Cadaverine Incorporation Technique. ATLA. 1999. 27: 410.

Gueniche, A. and M. Ponec. Use of Human Skin Cell Cultures for the Estimation of Potential Skin Irritants. Toxic. in Vitro. 1993. 7(1): 15-24.

Guironnet, G., C. Dalbiez-Gauthier, F. Rousset, D. Schmitt and J. Peguet-Navarro. (2000).In Vitro Human T Cell Sensitization to Haptens by Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Toxicology in Vitro 14: 517-522.

H

Hamilton, M.G., F. M. Dorandeu, M. McCaffery, P.M. Lundy and T. W. Sawyer. Modification of Cytosolic Free Calcium Concentrations in Human Keratinocytes after Sulfur Mustard Exposure. Toxic. in Vitro 1998. 12(4): 365-372.

Harvell, J. D. and H. I. Maibach. Validation of In Vitro Skin Irritation Assays Using Human In Vivo Data. In Vitro Toxicol. 1992. 5(4): 235-239.

Harvell, J. D., V. Gordon, and H. I. Maibach. Use of the Skintex High Sensitivity Assay for Predictive Assessments of Cutaneous Fatty Acid Irritancy in Man. In Vitro Toxicol. 1993. 6(2): 91-96.

Hayashi, M., Nakamura, Y., Higashi, K., Kato, H., Kishida, F. and Kaneko, H. A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study of the Skin Irritation Potential of Phenols. 1999. Toxicology in Vitro 13: 915-922.

Hayden, P.J. Cytokine and Lipid Mediator Release from In Vitro Skin Models Following Detergent Treatment or Physical Wounding. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1996. 106(4): 936. Abst. #782.

Hayden, P.J., G.R. Jackson, Jr., M. Klausner, and J. Kubilus.(2000).Highly Differentiated In Vitro Skin Model for High Throughput Screening of Topical Therapeutics.The Toxicologist 54(1).Abstract #688.

He, B., A.E. Munson, and B.J. Meade.(2000).Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Patterns Induced by Irritant and Sensitizing Chemicals.The Toxicologist 54(1). Abstract #1429.

Helman, M. D., S. Biesaga, and R. J. Koslo. Reformed Human Skin: Potential Screening Tool for Dermal Irritation Testing. The Toxicologist. 1992. 12(1): 297 (Abstract #1147).

Hostynek, J. J. and H. I. Maibach. Scope and Limitation of Some Approaches to Predicting Contact Hypersensitivity. Toxic. in Vitro 1998. 12(4): 445-453.

Howes, D. A Strategy for the Assessment of Percutaneous Absorption. Toxic. in Vitro 1994. 8(4): 851-853.

Howes, D., R. Guy, J. Hadgraft, J. Heylings, U. Hoeck, F. Kemper, H. Maibach, J-P Marty, H. Merk, J. Parra, D. Rekkas, I. Rondelli, H. Schaefer, U. Tauber, and N. Verbiese. Methods for Assessing Percutaneous Absorption. The Report and Recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 13. ATLA 1996. 24: 81-106.

I

Inman, A. O. and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. An Autoradiography Study to Evaluate the Distribution of Bis (2-Chloroethyl) Sulfide in the Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap. The Toxicologist 15: 324. 1995

Inman, A. O. and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Morphological Characterization of Ultraviolet B Phototoxicity in the Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap. The Toxicologist. 14: 104. 1994.

Itagaki, H., Sugiyama, M., Ashikaga, T., Hoya, M., Katsumura, Y., and S. Kato. A Tiered In Vitro Evaluation System to Predict Eye Irritancy and Skin Irritancy of Cosmetic Ingredients. ATLA 1999 27: 348.

J

Jacobs, J., C. Lehe, K. Dammans, P. Das, and G. Elliott. Screening of Skin Irritants by RNA Detection as a Viability Marker in Porcine Organotypic Skin Explants.ATLA 1999. 27: 111.

Jacobs, J., C. Lehe, K. Cammans, K. Yoneda, P. Das, and G. Elliott. Automated Quantification of Langerhans Cell Migration from Human Organotypic Skin Explant Culture.ATLA 1999. 27: 116.

Jacobs, J., C. Lehe, K. Cammans, P. Das, and G. Elliott. Methyl-green pyronine staining of porcine organotypic skin explant cultures: An alternative model for screening for for skin irritants. ATLA 2000. 28: 279-92.

Jacobs, J.J.L., C. Leh, K.D.A. Cammans, K. Yoneda, P.K. Das and G.R. Elliott.(2001).An automated method for the quantification of immunostained human Langerhans cells. J. of Immunol. Methods 247(1-2):73-82.

Jirova, D., Kristina, K., H. Endova, H. Kolarova and R. Kubinek. The 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake Phototoxicity Test in the Czech Republic. ATLA 1999. 27: 338.

Jones, B.C., H. A. Raabe, A. Sizemore, G.C. Mun, E.H. Theophilus and M.S. Dickens.(2000).Lack of Phototoxicity of Cosmetic Formulations Containing Glycolic Acid in An In Vitro Human Skin Model. The Toxicologist 54(1).Abstract #1853.

K

Kao, J., J. Hall, and J. Michael Holland. Quantitation of Cutaneous Toxicity: An in Vitro Approach Using Skin Organ Culture. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1983. 68: 206-217.

Keese, C., N. Karra, B. Dillon, A. Goldbert, and I. Giaever. Cell-Substratum Interactions as a Predictor of Cytotoxicity. In Vitro Molec. Toxicol. 1998. 11(2): 183-192.

Kietzmann, M. and B. Blume. Percutaneous Absorption of Betamethasone from Different Formulations Using the Isolated Pefused Bovine Udder. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(1): 11-15.

Kietzmann, M., M. Wolff, C. Arth, and P. Bonn. Obtaining Another Apparently Well Known Result. The Predictive Value of an In Vitro Study of Dermal Absorption: Absorption of Estradiol-17b in the Isolated Perfused Bovine Udder. 1998. Perspectives in Percutaneous Penetration. Vol. 6A, pg. 79.

Kietzmann, M., W. Baumer, E. Bien, and D. Lubach. In Vivo and in Vitro Studies Addressing Skin Irritation by Cement. Occup. Environ. 47: 184-189.1999.

Kimber, I. and D.A. Basketter. The Murine Local Lymph Node Assay: A Commentary on Collaborative Studies and New Directions. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1992. 30(2): 165-169.

Kimber, I. Skin Sensitisation: Immunological Mechanisms and Novel Approaches to Predictive Testing.ATLA 1999. 27: 112.

Kimmel, T., F. Guerriero, C. Seaman, S. Binks, A. Ader, and R. Sussman. Evaluating the Use of the Local Lymph Node Assay in the Prediction of Skin Sensitising Potential of Pharmaceuticals and Pharmaceutical Intermediates. ATLA. 1999. 27: 339.

King, J. R. and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Cutaneous Toxicity of 2-Chloroethyl Methyl Sulfide in Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 104: 167-179. 1990.

King, J. R., J. E. Riviere and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Characterization of Lewisite Toxicity in Isolated Perfused Skin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 116: 189-201. 1992.

Klausner, M., J. Kubilus, H.A. Ricker, and P.J. Neal. UVB Irradiation of an Organotypic Skin Model, EpiDermÔ , Results in Significant Release of Cytokines. The Toxicologist 1995. 15(1). Abstract #1745.

Klausner, M., J. Kubilus, and P.J. Neal. Initial Characterization of an Epidermal Model Containing Functional Melanocytes. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1995. 104(4): 616. Abst. #370.

Klausner, M., J. Kubilus, P. Neal, C. Cannon, H. Sennott, and P. Ogle. A Reproducible Structurally Appropriate Skin Model for Dermal Irritancy and Efficacy Testing. ATLA 1996. 24: 263, Abstract #100.

Klausner, M., P. Neal, and J. Kubilus. Initial Results with Epi-201, A Developing In Vitro Model of Human Epidermis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1998. 110(4):558, Abst.#513.

Klausner, M., P. Neal, B. Breyfogle and J. Kubilus. Melanoderm: An Epidermal Tissue Model Containing Functional Melanocytes.ATLA 27: 299. 1999.

Klimeck, W. T., A. H. Borchers, R. E. Egbert, R. B. Nagle, D. E. Carter, and G. T. Bowden. Effects of Acute and Chronic Arsenic Exposure of Human-Derived Keratinoytes in an In Vitro Human Skin Equivalent System: A Novel Model of Human Arsenicism. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 89-98.

Koarova, H., R. Kubinek, R. Lenobel, M. Bancirova, M. Strnad, D. Jirova, K. Kejlova and J. Lasousky. Alternative In Vitro Approaches to Testing of Photosensitisers.ATLA 27: 300. 1999.

Koschier, F.J., R.N. Roth, K.A. Wallace, R.D. Curren, and J.W. Harbell. A Comparison of Three-Dimensional Human Skin Models to Evaluate the Dermal Irritation of Selected Petroleum Products. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(4): 391-405.

Koslo, R. J., A. Butler, and V. Farina. Use of Microtox as an In Vitro Adjunct to In Vivo Dermal Irritation Testing. The Toxicologist. February 1992. 12(1): 296. (Abstract #1145).

Kotani, M., Masamoto, Y., and M. Watanabe. An Alternative Study of the Skin Irritant Effect of An Homologous Series of Surfactants. Toxic. in Vitro. 1994. 8(2): 229-233.

Kreihuber, E., Y. Takagi, G. Imokawa, P.M. Elias, and W.M. Holleran. Localization of Glucocerebrosidase Activity in Mammalian Epidermis by In Situ Zymography. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1997. 108(4): 594. Abst #337.

Krishman, K. and P. Poulin. Prediction of Skin Permeability Coefficients of Volatile Organic Chemicals From Information on Their Molecular Structure. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 71. Abstract #335.

Kubilus, J., C.L. Cannon, P.J. Neal, H.A. Ricker, and M. Klausner. Cytokine Response of the Epiderm Skin Model to Topically Applied Irritants and Toxicants. In Vitro Toxicol. 1996. 9(2): 157.

L

Lake, L.K., J.E. Swanson, J. Kubilus, P.J. Neal, and M. Klausner. Use of An In Vitro Skin Model to Predict Chemical Corrosivity. 1994. The Toxicologist 14(1): Abstract # 340.

Landeen, L. K., F. C. Zeigler, C. Halberstadt, R. Cohen, and S. R. Slivka. Characterization of a Human Dermal Replacement. Wounds. 1992. 4(5): 167-175.

Langowski, J. and M. Barratt. Validation and Development of the Derek Skin Sensitisation Rulebase by Analysis of the BGVV List of Contact Allergens.ATLA1999. 27: 104.

Lasarow, R. M., R. R. Isseroff, and E. C. Gomez. Quantitative in Vitro Assessment of Phototoxicity by a Fibroblast-Neutral Red Assay. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1992. 98(5): 725-729.

Laska, D.A., R. G. Poulsen, J. W. Horn, V. P. Meador, and D. M. Hoover. An Evaluation of TESTSKIN: An Alternative Dermal Irritation Model. In Vitro Toxicol. 1992. 5(4): 177-189.

Lawrence, J. N. Application of In Vitro Human Skin Models to Dermal Irritancy: a Brief Overview and Future Prospects. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 305-312.

Lawrence, J. N. Electrical Resistance and Tritiated Water Permeability as Indicators of Barrier Integrity of In Vitro Human Skin. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 241-249.

Lawrence, J. N., F. M. Dickson, and D. J. Benford. Skin Irritant-induced Cytotoxicity and Prostaglandin E₂ Release in Human Skin Keratinocyte Cultures. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 627-631.

Lee, J. K., D. B. Kim, J. I. Kim, and P. Y. Kim. In vitro cytotoxicity tests on cultured human skin fibroblasts to predict skin irritation potential of surfactants. Toxic. in Vitro 2000. 14: 345-349.

Le Goff, L., D. Lapeyrade, A. Bossi, M. S. Noel-Hudson, J. Bonaly, and J. Weiperre. Effect of Biophysical Changes on Propidium Iodide Access to DNA During Oxidative Stress of Cultured Human Skin Cells. Toxic. in Vitro. 1992. 6(5): 423-432.

Liebsch, M., Barrabas, C., Traue, D., and H. Spielmann. Development of a New In Vitro Test for Dermal Phototoxicity Using a Model of Reconstituted Human Epidermis (EpidermÔ ). ALTEX 14: 165-174. 1997.

Liebsch, M., D. Traue, C. Barrabas, H. Spielmann, F. Gerberick. L. Cruse, W. Diembeck. U. Pfannenbecker, J. Spieker, H-G Holzhutter, P. Brantom, P. Aspin and J. Southee.ATLA 27: 301. 1999.

Liebsch, M., D. Traue, C. Barrabas, H. Spielmann, P. Uphill, S. Wilkins, J. McPherson, C. Wiemann, T. Kaufmann, M. Remmele, and H.-G. Holzhütter. The ECVAM Prevalidation Study on the Use of EpiDerm for Skin Corrosivity Testing. ATLA 28(3): 371-401. 2000.

Liebsch, M., Traue, D., Barrabas, C., Spielmann, H., Uphill, P., Wilkins, S., McPherson, J., Wiemann, C., Kaufmann, T., Remmele, M., Holzhutter, H.G., Brantom, P., Aspin, P., and J.A. Southee. Prevalidation of the Epiderm^TM Skin Corrosivity Test. ATLA. 1999. 27: 350.

Limardi, L.C., E.E.Sikorski, and G.F. Gerberick. Cytokine Gene Expression in the Mattek EpiDermÔ Cultures. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1996. 106(4): 939. Abst. #803.

Limat, A. and T. Hunziker. Epidermal Equivalent Generated from Cultured Outer Root Sheath Cells. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(1): 33-38.

Lock, S.O. and J. V. Friend. Phototoxicity Testing In Vitro: Evaluation of Mammalian Cell Culture Techniques. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1986. 24(6/7): 789-793.

Loertscher, J. A., C.A.R. Ivarie, M.A. Weitzel, and B. L. Allen-Hoffmann. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Causes Alterations in Differentiation of Keratinocytes in Organotypic Culture. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 76. Abstract #356.

Loertscher, J.A., C.A. Sattler, and B.L. Allen-Hoffmann. (2000).2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Accelerate Differentiation, But Not Apoptosis, of Human Keratinocytes in Organotypic Culture.The Toxicologist 54(1).Abstract #1298.

Lonardo, E.C. and T. A. Roy (2000). A Novel Use of an In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption Procedure to Assess Absorption Potential of Human Vaginal Tissue.The Toxicologist.54(1). Abstract # 692.

Losio, N., Bertasi, B., D’Abrosca, F., Ferrari, M., Avalle, N., and M. Fischbach. In Vitro Product Safety Evaluation: A Screening Study on a Series of Finished Cosmetic Products. ATLA. 1999. 27: 351.

Lovell, W. W. and D. J. Sanders. Screening Test for Phototoxins Using Solutions of Simple Biochemicals. Toxic. in Vitro. 1990. 4(4/5): 318-320.

Lovell, W. and P. A. Jones. An Evaluation of Mechanistic In Vitro Tests for the Discrimination of Photoallergic and Photoirritant Potential. ATLA 2000. 28(5).

M

Maier, K., R. Schmitt-Landgraf, and B. Siegemund. Development of an In Vitro Test System with Human Skin Cells for Evaluation of Phototoxicity. Toxic. in Vitro. 1991. 5(5/6): 457-461.

Marinovich, M., Viviani, B., and C.L. Galli. The Predominant Role of Surfactants in the Modulation of Toxicity of Detergent Products: An In Vitro Analysis of Shampoos. Toxic. in Vitro. 1994. 8(1): 91-98.

Masini, V., Noel-Hudson, M.S., and J. WePierre. Free-Radical Damage by UV or Hypoxanthine-Xanthine Oxidase in Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts: Protective Effects of Two Human Plasma Fractions. Toxic. in Vitro. 1994. 8(2): 235-242.

McDougall, J.N., J. L. Jurgens and W.H. Weisman. Effect of Temporal Assumptions on Risk Assessments for Dermal Toxicity. The Toxicologist 48(1S): 85. Abstract #397.

Medina, J., A. DeBrugerolle De Fraissinette, C. Elsaesser, V. Picarles, N. Hartmann, O. Grenet, S. Chibout and M. Kolopp.(2000).Investigation of Skin Phototoxicity Potential Using an In Vitro Human Epidermis Model (SkinEthic).The Toxicologist 2000. 54(1).Abstract # 686.

Medina, J., A. De Brugerolle De Fraissinette, C. Elsaesser, V. Picarles, O. Grenet, S. Chibout, M. Kolopp, U. Junker, M.E. Ebelin, P. Burtin, B. Vogel and A. Cordier.(2000).Predictive Value of a Human Skin Equivalent (Apligraf) for the Evaluation of Skin Irritation Potential. The Toxicologist 54(1).Abstract #687.

Meyers, C. Organotypic (Raft) Epithelial Culture System for Contact Dermatitis Testing. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Animal. 34(3): 40-A. Part II Abstract T-1013.

Miglietta, A., E. Gadoni, C. Bocca and L. Gabriel. Prooxidant Agents Induce Modifications in the Cytoskeletal Organisation of Fibroblasts. ATLA 1996. 24: 557-565.

Miranda, M.A., Z. Sarabia, D. Hernandez, I. M. Morera, M. J. Gomez-Lechon and J. V. Castell. 1999. An In Vitro Approach to Drug Photoallergy: Use of Drug-directed Antibodies to Assess Photobinding of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatories to Skin Cells. Toxic. in Vitro. 13: 701-705.

Mol, M. A. E. and A.-M. B. C. De Vries-Van De Ruit. Concentration- and Time-Related Effects of Sulphur Mustard on Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Function. Toxic. in Vitro. 1992. 6(3): 245-251.

Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. Altered Epidermal Morphology Secondary to Lidocaine Iontophoresis: In vitro and in vivo Studies in Porcine Skin. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 15: 174-185. 1990.

Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. and A. O. Inman. Histochemical Distribution of Five Epidermal-Dermal Junction Epitopes in Porcine Skin Treated with Bis (2-Chloroethyl)Sulfide. The Toxicologist 15: 324. 1995.

Monteiro-Riviere, N. A. and A. O. Inman. Histochemical Localization of Three Basement Membrane Epitopes with Sulfur Mustard-Induced Toxicity in Porcine Skin. The Toxicologist 13: 58. 1993.

Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., J. R. King and T. O. Manning. In Vitro Evaluation of Bis-2-Chloroethyl Sulfide Induced Vesication in Perfused Porcine Skin. The Toxicologist 11: 284. 1991.

Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., K. F. Bowman, V. J. Scheidt, and J. Edmond Riviere. The Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap (IPPSF). II. Ultrastructural and Histological Characterization of Epidermal Viability. In Vitro Toxicol. 1987. 1(4): 241-252.

Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., R. E. Baynes, G. L. Qiao and J. E. Riviere. Cutaneous Toxicity of the Benzene Dye Direct Red 28 Applied as a Mechanistically-Defined Chemical Mixture (MDCM) in Perfused Porcine Skin. The Toxicologist 36: 188 1997.

Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., Z. Zhang, P. L. Williams, P. L., and J. E. Riviere. Sulfur Mustard Causes Vascular and Inflammatory Changes in Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin. The Toxicologist. 14: 104. 1994.

Monteiro-Riviere, N. Use of the Isolated Perfused Skin Model in Dermatotoxicity. In Vitro Toxicol. 1992. 5(4): 219-233.

Moody, R. P. and B. Nadeau. In Vitro Dermal Absorption of Two Commercial Formulations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid Dimethylamine (2,4-D Amine) in Rat, Guinea Pig and Human Skin. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 251-262.

Moody, R. (2000). Automated In Vitro Dermal Absorption (AIVDA): Predicting skin permeation of atrazine with finite and infinite (swimming/bathing) exposure models. Toxicology in Vitro 14: 467-474.

Morini, F., F. Dusatti, F. Bonina, A. Saija and M. Ferro. Iron-induced Lipid Peroxidation in Human Skin-derived Cell Lines: Protection by a Red Orange Extract. ATLA 28(3). 2000.

Muller-Decker, K., G. Furstenberger, and F. Marks. Development of an In Vitro Alternative Assay to the Draize Skin Irritancy Test Using Human Keratinocyte-derived Proinflammatory Key Mediators and Cell Viability as Test Parameters. In Vitro Toxicol. 1992. 5(4): 191-209.

N

Nabi, Z., A. Tavakkol, N. Soliman, and T.G. Polefka. Bioconversion of Tocopherol Acetate to Tocopherol in Human Skin Organ Culture Models. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1998. 110(4):679, Abst. #1239.

Nicastro, S.C. and G.S. Ladics. Further Evaluation of the EpiDermÔ and EpiOcularÔ In Vitro Irritation Models. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 77. Abstract #360.

Noel-Hudson, M. S., F. Braut-Boucher, M. Robert, M. Aubery, and J. Wepierre. Comparison of Six Different Methods to Assess UVA Cytotoxicity on Reconstructed Epidermis. Relevance of a Fluorimetric Assay (the Calcein-AM) to Evaluate the Photoprotective Effects of a -Tocopherol. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 645-651.

Noel-Hudson, M.S., C. De Belilovsky, N. Petit, A. Lindenbaum, and J. Wepierre. In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Enzymatically Induced Oxygen Radicals in Human Fibroblasts: Experimental Procedures and Protection by Radical Scavengers. Toxic. in Vitro. 1989. 3(2): 103-109.

Noll, M., M-L Merkle, M. Kandsberger, T. Matthes, H. Fuchs, and T. Graeve. Reconstructed Human Skin (AST-2000) as a Tool for Pharmacotoxicology.ATLA27: 302. 1999.

O

Ogle, P., H. Sennott, P.J. Neal, C.L. Cannon, J. Kubilus, and M. Klausner. Intra- and Inter-Lot Variability of EpiDermÔ , An Epidermal Model for Dermal Research and Testing. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1996. 106(4): 868. Abst. #377.

Okamoto, Y., A. Ryu and K. Ohkoshi. In Vitro Alternatives and Phototoxicity Testing. I. Evaluation of In Vitro Phototoxicity. ATLA 27 (4). 1999.

Okamoto, Y., A. Ryu and K. Ohkoshi. In Vitro Alternatives and Phototoxicity Testing. II. Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species In Vitro Phototoxicity Assays. ATLA 27(4). 1999.

Opara, E.I., S. L. Oehlschlager, L. Day, S. A. Ridley, R. Vaughn, and A. B. Hanley. 1999. An In Vitro Cell-Based Model for Assessing the Potential of Allergens to Release Mediators Through the Cross-Linking of IgE. Toxic. in Vitro. 13: 811-815.

Osborne, R. and M. A. Perkins. In Vitro Skin Irritation Testing with Human Skin Cell Cultures. Toxic. in Vitro. 1991. 5(5/6): 563-567.

Osborne, R. Overview of Culture Models and Standardization. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Animal. 1998. 34(3): 8-A. Part II. Abstract T-1

P

Parish, W.E. Relevance of In Vitro Tests to In Vivo Acute Skin Inflammation: Potential in Vitro Applications of Skin Keratome Slices, Neutrophils, Fibroblasts, Mast Cells and Macrophages. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1985. 23(2): 275-285.

Parish, W.E. Evaluation of In Vitro Predictive Tests for Irritation and Allergic Sensitization. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1986. 24(6/7): 481-494.

Parish, W. E. Inflammatory Mediators Applied to In Vitro Toxicology: Studies on Mediator Release and Two-Cell Systems. Toxic. in Vitro 1990. 4(4/5): 231-241.

Pellegrini, G., R. Gherzi, A. T. Franzi, F. D'Anna, M. De Luca and R. Cancedda. In Vitro Reconstitution of Differentiated Human Epithelia. ATLA. 1992. 20: 95-102.

Pelling, D., J. C. Phillips and M. E. Cunninghame. Absorption of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Compounds through Epidermal and Subepidermal Strata of Rat Skin In Vitro. Toxic. in Vitro 1998. 11: 47-55.

Perkins, M. A., D. A. Roberts, and R. Osborne. Development of In Vitro Methods for Use of Human Skin Cell Cultures for Skin and Eye Irritancy Assessments of Aqueous Incompatible Materials. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1992. 98(4): 638. (Abstract #517).

Perkins, M.A. and R. Osborne. Application of an In Vitro Method for Skin Corrosion Testing to a Variety of Commercially Available Skin Cultures. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1994. 102(4): 641. Abstract #707.

Perkins, M. A., M. A. Osterhues, S. Vogelpohl, and M.K. Robinson.(2000). A Clinical Skin Sampling Approach to Assess Sensory Skin Irritation.The Toxicologist 54(1).Abstract #689.

Petrali, J.P., S.B. Oglesby, and T. A. Hamilton. Morphologic Accounts of a Human Skin Equivalent Exposed to Mustard Gas. In Vitro Toxicol. 1994. 7(2): 95-98.

Petrali, J.P., S.B. Oglesby, T.A. Hamilton, and K.R. Mills. Comparative Morphology of Sulfur Mustard Effects in the Hairless Guinea Pig and a Human Skin Equivalent. J. Submicros. Cytol. Pathol. 1993. 25(1): 113-118.

Pichowski, J., M. Cumberbatch, R.J. Dearman, D.A. BAsketter, and I. Kimber. Investigation of induced changes in interleukin 1beta mRNA expression by cultured human dendritic cells as an in vitro approach to skin sensitization testing. Toxic. in Vitro 2000. 14: 351-360.

Pickart, M.A., S. J. Liliensiek, A. Aumock, K. N. Reagans, P. M. Harari, and B. L. Allen-Hoffmann. Use of Green Fluorescent Protein in a Human Organotypic Stratifying Squamous Epithelium for Molecular and Pharmacological Studies of Normal and Malignant Epithelial Growth. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 76. Abstract #355.

Pittermann, W., M. Kietzmann, and B. Jackwerth. The Bovine Udder Skin Model. [Abridged version of an article in "ALTEX" 1995, 12/4, page 196 . Original Title: "Das isoliert perfundierte Rindereuter (Bovine Udder Skin - BUS Model): Ein integriertes in-vitro-Modell zur Untersuchung von Hautpenetration und irritation".]

Pittermann, W. The Isolated Perfused Bovine Udder Skin: A Natural In Vitro Skin Model. Skin Care Forum 1996. 15:1-4.

Pittermann, W., B. Jackwerth, and M. Schmitt. The Isolated Perfused Bovine Udder Skin Model: A New In Vitro Model for the Assessment of Skin Penetration and Irritation. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(1): 17-21.

Pittermann, W., M. Kietzmann, H.-U. Krachter, W. Holtmann, and A.H. Schoon. The Isolated Perfused Bovine Udder System (BUS): A New Natural In-Vitro Model for Mucous Membrane Compatibility. IN: The Ethics of Animal Experimentation. Ed. Philip N. O'Donoghue. Pgs. 265-266. 1998.

Pittermann, W. Tierversuchsfrei forschen mit dem Rindereuter-Modell. Parfumerie und Kosmetik 80, Jahrgang, Nr 3/99.

Ponec, M. Reconstruction of Human Epidermis on De-Epidermized Dermis: Expression of Differentiation-Specific Protein Markers and Lipid Composition. Toxic. in Vitro. 1991. 5(5/6): 597-606.

Portes, P., Grandidier, M. H., Roguet, R., Cohen, C., and M. Cottin. The Use of Episkin^® for the Assessment of Cutaneous Corrosion and Irritation of Chemicals and Cutaneous Tolerance of Cosmetics. ATLA. 1999. 27: 354.

Pozuelo, J.M., D. Munoz-Mingarro, F. Llinares, T. Dominguez, R. Arriazu, A. Lopez and A. SantaMaria. In Vitro Toxicology of Carmoisin and Amaranto on CHO Cells. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Animal 1998. 34(3): 40-A. Part II. Abstract T-1015.

Q

Qiao, G. L., J. D. Brooks, R. L. Baynes, N. A. Monteiro-Riviere, P. L. Williams and J. E. Riviere. The Use of Mechanistically-Defined Chemical Mixtures (MCDM) to Assess Mixture Component Effects on the Percutaneous Absorption and Cutaneous Disposition of Topically-Exposed Chemicals. I. Studies with Parathion Mixtures in Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 141: 473-486. 1996

Qiao, G.L. and J.E. Riviere. Impacts of Dermal Model and Exposure Variables on Risk Assessment of 3,3',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB). The Toxicologist 1998 42(I-S): 390.

Qiao, G.L. and J.E. Riviere. (2000).Application of a Human Skin Tissue Culture Model in Dermal Absorption Studies of 3,3’,4,4’-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB).The Toxicologist 54(1).2000. Abstract #707.

R

Rebel, H., Garssen, J., Brand, K., Kloots, W., van Unnik, A., Meijers, M., and F. De Gruijl. Monitoring of UV-Induced Oedema in the Skin of Male SKH1 Mice. ATLA. 1999. 27: 388.

Reutter, K., D. Jager, J. Degwert, and U. Hoppe. In Vitro Model for Contact Sensitization: II. Induction of IL-1b mRNA in Human Blood-derived Dendritic Cells by Contact Sensitizers. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 619-626.

Rhoads, L.S., Mershon, M., Eichelberger, H., Van Buskirk, R. G. and J. R. Cook. A Synthetic Human Epidermal Model Can Differentiate Acute from Latent Toxic Effects of the Monofunctional Mustard Analogue, 2-Chloroethylethyl Sulfide. In Vitro Toxicol. 1994. 7(2): 69-74.

Richard, M. -J., P. Guiraud, A. -M. Monjo, and A. Favier. Development of A Simple Antioxidant Screening Assay Using Human Skin Fibroblasts. Free Rad. Res. Comm. 1992. 16(5): 303-314.

Riviere, J. E., J. D. Brooks, P. L. Williams, and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Toxicokinetics of Topical Sulfur Mustard Penetration, Disposition, and Vascular Toxicity in Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 135: 25-34, 1995.

Riviere, J. E., K. F. Bowman, N. A. Monteiro-Riviere, L. P. Dix, and M. P. Carver. The Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap (IPPSF). A Novel in Vitro Model for Percutaneous Absorption and Cutaneous Toxicology Studies. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 7: 444-453. 1986.

Riviere, J. E., K. F. Bowman, N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. On the Definition of Viability in Isolated Perfused Skin Preparation. Brit. J. Dermatol. 116: 739-741. 1987.

Riviere, J.E., N.A. Monteiro-Riviere and A.O. Inman. The Effect of Altered Media Flow and Glucose Concentration on Sulfur Mustard Toxicity in the Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(2): 169-181.

Riviere, J.E. and R.E. Baynes. Inert Ingredients in Pesticide Mixtures Influence the Dermal Absorption of Carbaryl. The Toxicologist 1998. 42(I-S): 391.

Riviere, J.E., N.A. Monteiro-Riviere, J.D. Brooks, K. Budsaba and C. Smith. Dermal Absorption and Toxicity of Jet Fuels. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 71. Abstract #334.

Riviere, J.E., C.E. Smith, K. Budsaba, J.D. Brooks, E.J. Olajos, H. Salem, and N.A. Monteiro-Riviere. Use of Methyl Salicylate as a Simulant to Predict the Percutaneous Absorption of Sulfur Mustard.The Toxicologist 2000. 54(1).Abstract # 715.

Robert, C., O. Doucet, M. Bonnet, B. Bertino and L. Zastrow. Assessment of P53, P21 Protein Expression and Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Formation in a Human Skin Culture Model Following Acute UVB-Exposure. ATLA 27: 304. 1999.

Robinson, M.K., M.A. Perkins, and R. Osborne. Comparison of In Vitro and In Vivo Human Skin Response to Consumer Products and Ingredients with a Range of Irritancy Potential. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Animal. 1998. 34(3): 8-A. Part II. Abstract T-3.

Rogero, S.O., O. Z. Higa, M. Saiki, O.V. Correa and I. Costa. (2000). Cytotoxicity due to corrosion of ear piercing studs. Toxicology in Vitro 497-504.

Roguet, R., M. Regnier, C. Cohen, K.G. Dossou and A. Rougier. The Use of In Vitro Reconstituted Human Skin in Dermotoxicity Testing. Toxic. in Vitro. 1994. 8(4): 635-639.

Roquet, R., Cohen, C. Dossou, K. G., and A. Rougier. Episkin, A Reconstituted Human Epidermis for Assessing In Vitro The Irritancy of Topically Applied Compounds. Toxic. in Vitro. 1994. 8(2): 283-291.

Roguet, R., J. Cotovio, P. Kremers, A. Rougier, X. Pouradier Duteil, and J. LeClaire. Cytochrome P450-Dependent Enzyme Activities and Testosterone Metabolism in a Reconstituted Human Epidermis. In Vitro Toxicol. 1995 8(1): 97-104.

Roguet, R., C. Cohen, and J. LeClaire. The Use of a Reconstructed Human Epidermis Episkin for the Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Cosmetic Products. In Vitro Toxicol. 1995. 8(4): 427-429.

Roguet, R., C. Cohen, J. Leclaire, and A. Rougier. The Use of a Reconstructed Epidermis in the Assessment of Cytotoxic Effects of UV Irradiation. Nouvelles Dermatologiques. 1996. 15(5): 384-389.

Roguet, R. and H. Schaefer. Overview of In Vitro Cell Culture Technologies and Pharmaco-toxicological Applications. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 591-599.

Roguet, R., J. Cotovio, and J. Leclaire. Reconstructed Skin for In Vitro Cutaneous Pharmacotoxicology: Example of Metabolic Studies. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(1): 3-9.

Roguet, R., C. Cohen, C. Robles, P. Courtellemont, M. Tolle, J.P. Guillot, and X. Pouradier Duteil. An Interlaboratory Study of the Reproducibility and Relevance of Episkin, a Reconstructed Human Epidermis, in the Assessment of Cosmetics Irritancy. Toxic. in Vitro. 1998. 12: 295-304.

Roguet, R., H. Beck, E. Boelsma, M. Bracher, C. Faller, I. Harris, C. Lotte, F. Dreher, and M. Ponec. Testing and Improvement of Reconstructed Skin Kits in Order to Elaborate European Standards: First Results. ATLA. 27: 333. 1999.

Roper, C.S., D. Howes, P.G. Blain, and F.M. Williams. Percutaneous Penetration of 2-Phenoxythanol through Rat and Human Skin. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1997. 35: 1009-1016.

Roper, C. S., D. Howes, P. G. Blain, and F. M. Williams. A Comparison of the Absorption of a Series of Ethoxylates through Rat Skin In Vitro. Toxic. in Vitro 1998. 11: 57-65.

Rosdy, M. and L.-C. Clauss. Terminal Epidermal Differentiation of Human Keratinocytes Grown in Chemically Defined Medium on Inert Filter Substrates at the Air-Liquid Interface. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1990. 95: 404-414.

Rosdy, M., M. Fartasch, and M. Ponec. Structurally and Biochemically Normal Permeability Barrier of Human Epidermis Reconstituted in Chemically Defined Medium. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1996. 107(4): 664. Abstract #52.

Rosdy, M., B. Bertino, V. Butet, S. Gibbs, M. Ponec, and M. Darmon. Retinoic Acid Inhibits Epidermal Differentiation When Applied Topically on the Stratum Corneum of Epidermis Formed In Vitro by Human Keratinocytes Grown on Defined Medium. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(1): 39-47.

Rosdy, M. M. Fartasch, and M. Darmon. Normal Permeability Barrier to Tritiated Water in Reconstituted Human Epidermis. Poster Presentation at the PPP-meeting (Prediction of Percutaneous Penetration) on April 2-5, 1997. La Grande Motte, France.

Rosenbruch, M. Early Chick Embryos - A Pain-Free System in Biomedical Research. IN: The Ethics of Animal Experimentation. Ed. Philip N. O'Donoghue. Pgs. 267-269. 1998.

Roso, A., Amalric, C., and N. Michel. The Relationship Between the Protein-Denaturating Power of Surfactants (Measured In Vitro) and Impairment of the Protective Barrier Function of the Stratum Corneum (Measured In Vivo). ATLA. 1999. 27: 354.

Rousset, F. Strategy for the Prediction of Skin Sensitisation: An Alternative to Animal Testing.ATLA 1999. 27: 116.

Roy, T.A., W.E. Dalbey, and C.R. Mackerer. ³ C₁₂-Chlorinated Paraffins: Workplace Exposure and Risk Assessment. The Toxicologist 1998. 42(1-S): 225. Abstract #1108.

Rutten, A. A. J. J. L., B. G. A. G. G. Bequet-Passelecq, and H. B. W. M. Koeter. Two-Compartment Model for Rabbit Skin Organ Culture. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. April 1990. 25: 353-360.

Ryan, C., F. Gerberick, L. Cruse, D. Basketter, L, Lea, L. Blaikie, R. Dearman, V. Warbrick, and I. Kimber. Activity of Human Contact Allergens in the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay. ATLA1999. 27: 115.

S

Sanders, C., T. D. Swedlung, R. J. Stephens, and P. M. Silber. Evaluation of Six In Vitro Toxicity Assays: Comparison with In Vivo Ocular and Dermal Irritation Potential of Prototype Cosmetic Formulations. The Toxicologist. February 1991. 11(1): 181 (Abstract #1085).

Sasaki, T., K. Kawai, K. Saijo-Kurita, and T. Ohno. Detergent Cytotoxicity: Simplified Assay of Cytolysis by Measuring LDH Activity. Toxic. in Vitro. 1992. 6(5): 451-457.

Sawyer, T. and M.G. Hamilton. Effect of Intracellular Calcium Modulation on Sulfur Mustard Cytotoxicity in Cultured Human Neonatal Keratinocytes. 2000. Toxicol. in Vitro 14: 149-157.

Scala, R., W. Stokes, R. Hill, T. Goldsworthy, R. Tice and K. Haneke. The Results of an Independent Peer Review Panel Evaluation of the Validation Status of Corrositex. ATLA 27: 334. 1999.

Schmalz, G., Schweikl, H., and Hiller, K-A. (2000). Release of prostaglandin E2, IL-6 and IL-8 from human oral epithelial culture models after exposure to compounds of dental materials. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 108: 442-448.

Schmidt, R., C. Duval, and M. Regnier. Reconstructed Human Skin: Alternative Models for the Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Dermato-Cosmetological Products. ATLA1999. 27: 81.

Schneider, C., H. Huber, and R. Bucholz. Cultivation of Human Skin Cells in Microcapsules. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Animal. 1998. 34(3): 30-A. Part II. Abstract V-1020.

Scholes, E.W., R. U Pendlington, R.K. Sharma and D.A. Basketter. Skin Metabolism of Contact Allergens. Toxic in Vitro 1994. 8(4): 551-553.

Segal, L., D. Riedel, and L. Ritter. Evaluation of Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Cultures as a Test System for the Assessment of the Dermal Irritancy of Pesticides. Toxic. in Vitro. 1990. 4(4/5): 277-279.

Sennott, H., A. Makwana, J. Kubilus, and M. Klausner. Presence of Hydrocortisone Dramatically Affects Cytokine Production Following UV Irradiation in 3-Dimensional Skin Model EpiDerm Ô . J. Invest. Dermatol. 1997. 108(4): 665. Abst. #765.

Shivji, G. M., D. K. Stetsko, and D. N. Sauder. Epidermal Cytokine Gene Expression: An In Vitro Assay for Irritants and Allergens. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1992. 98(4): 613 (Abstract #367).

Slivka, S. R., L. K. Landeen, F. Zeigler, M. P. Zimber, and R. L. Bartel. Characterization, Barrier Function, and Drug Metabolism of an In Vitro Skin Model. J. Invest. Dermatol. January 1993. 100(1): 40-46.

Slivka, S. R.and R. L. Bartel. Rapid Estimation of Collagen in a Dermal Model [Letter to the Editor]. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. November-December 1992. 28A: 690-692.

Smith, J.S., O.T. Macina, N. B. Sussman, and M.H. Karol. A Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Model For Esters that Cause Human Skin Irritation. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 77. Abstract #361.

Snider, T.H., J.D. Waugh, and J.P. Skvorak. Characterization of Nerve Agent Penetration Through Porcine and Human Skin and the Efficacy of A Fielded Decontaminant. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 79. Abstract #370.

Southee, J. A., J. P. McPherson, R. Osborne, G. J. Carr and E. Rasmussen. 1999. The Performance of the Tissue Equivalent Assay Using the Skin^2TM ZK1200 Model in the COLIPA International Validation Study on Alternatives to the Draize Eye Irritation Test. Toxic. in Vitro 13: 355-373.

Spielmann, H., M. Balls, M. Brand, B. Doring, H.G. Holzhutter, S. Kalweit, G. Klecak, H.L. Eplattenier, M. Liebsch, W.W. Lovell, T. Maurer, F. Moldenhauer, L. Moore, W.J.W. Pape, U. Pfanenbecker, J. Potthast, O. DeSilva, W. Steiling, and A. Willshaw. EEC/Colipa Project on In Vitro Phototoxicity Testing: First Results Obtained with a BALB/c 3T3 Cell Phototoxicity Assay. Toxic. in Vitro 1994. 8(4): 793-796.

Spielmann, H. M. Balls, J. Dupuis, W. J. W. Pape, O. de Silva, H.-G. Holzhutter, F. Gerberick, M. Liebsch, W. W. Lovell and U. Pfannenbecker. A Study on UV Filter Chemicals from Annex VII of European Union Directive 76/768/EEC, in the In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test. ATLA 1998. 26(5): 679-708.

Spielmann, H., M. Balls, J. Dupuis, W.J. Pape, G. Pechovitch, O. de Silva, H.-G. Holzhutter, R. Clothier, P. Desolle, F. Gerberick, M. Liebsch, W.W. Lovell, T. Maurer, U. Pfannenbecker, J.M. Potthast, M. Csato, D. Sladowski, W. Steiling, and P. Brantom. The International EU/COLIPA In Vitro Phototoxicity Validation Study: Results of Phase II (Blind Trial). Part 1: The 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test. Toxic. in Vitro 1998. 12: 305-327.

Spielmann, H., M. Balls, J. Dupuis, O. de Silva, W. Pape, R. Clothier, H-G. Holzhutter, F. Gerberick, M. Liebsch, W. Lovell, U. Pfannenbecker, J. Potthast, D. Sladowsky and W. Lovell. Successful Development, International Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of an In Vitro Phototoxicity Test: The 3T3 NRU PT Test. ATLA 27: 335. 1999.

Spoo, J. W., R. A. Rogers, and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Effects of Formaldehyde, DMSO, Benzoyl Peroxide, and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin. In Vitro Toxicol. 1992. 5(4): 251-260.

Srikrishna, V. and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. The Effects of Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid on Isolated Perfused Skin. In Vitro Toxicol. 1991. 4(3): 207-215.

Srikrishna, V., J. E. Riviere and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Cutaneous toxicity and absorption of paraquat in porcine skin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 115: 89-97. 1992.

Stitzel, K. The use of clinical data to confirm the safety of consumer products for use on the skin. ATLA 1999. 27: 108.

Stobbe, J. L., K. D. Drake and K. J. Maier. Comparison of Dermal Corrosion Values for Selected Industrial Chemicals Using Corrositex. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 77. Abstract # 359.

Sugiyama, M., Itagaki, H., Katsumura, Y., and S. Kato. Validation of the Neutral Red Uptake Phototoxicity Method Using Three Cell Lines. ATLA. 1999. 27: 355.

Sugiyama, M., Itagaki, H., Katsumura, Y., and S. Kato. A Strategic Approach for Predicting Phototoxicity of Cosmetic Ingredients. ATLA. 1999. 27: 356.

T

Thornback-LeCoq, S. J.-M. Bettems, and J. A. Zijlstra. Correlation between Skin Irritation and Cytotoxicity. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(1): 49-53.

Tice, R., Haneke, K., Goldsworthy, T., Margolin, B., and W. Stokes. Analysis of the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay: Intralaboratory and Interlaboratory Variability, Stimulation Index as a Measure of the Dermal Irritancy, and Performance Characteristics. ATLA. 1999. 27: 356.

Traynor, N. J., M.D. Barratt, W.W. Lovell, J. Ferguson, and N.K. Gibbs. Comparison of an In Vitro Cellular Phototoxicity Model Against Controlled Clinical Trials of Fluoroquinolone Skin Phototoxicity. 2000.Toxicol. in Vitro 14: 275-283.

Triglia, D., I. Kidd, B. De Wever, and R. Rooman. Interlaboratory Validation Study of the Advanced Tissue Sciences' Skin2 Dermal Model and MTT Cytotoxicity Assay Kits. AATEX. 1992. 1: 142-147.

Triglia, D., Sherard-Braa, S. Konan, C. and G. K. Naughton. Cytotoxicity Testing Using Neutral Red and MTT Assays on a Three-Dimensional Human Skin Substrate. Toxic. in Vitro. 1991. 5(5/6): 573-578.

Tsutsui, T., Y. Tanaka, A. Ushimura, T. Ide, M. Matsumura, and J. C. Barrett. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Diverse Preparations Used in Dental Practice to Human Gingival Keratinocytes. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 393-398.

Tuschl, H., and R. Kovac. An In Vitro System for the Identification of Contact Allergens. ATLA. 1999. 27: 362.

Tuschl, H., R. Kovac, and E. Weber. (2000). The expression of surface markers on dendritic cells as indicators for the sensitizing potential of chemicals. Toxicology in Vitro 14: 541-549.

U

Uchino, T., H. Tokunaga, and M. Ando. 1999. ProstaglandinE₂ Release, Squalene Monohydroperoxide Production and Cell Toxicity of Skin^2TM ZK1301 as a Human Skin Model in the Presence of Haematoporphylin and Ultraviolet-A Irradiation. Toxic. in Vitro 13: 483-489.

V

Van de Sandt, J. J. M., A. A. J. J. L. Rutten, and H. B. W. M. Koeter. Cutaneous Toxicity Testing in Organ Culture: Neutral Red Uptake and Reduction of Tetrazolium Salt (MTT). Toxic. in Vitro. 1993. 7(1): 81-86.

Van de Sandt, J.J. M., J. van Schoonhoven, W.J.M. Maas, and A.A.J.J.L. Rutten. Skin Organ Culture as an Alternative to In Vivo Dermatotoxicity Testing. ATLA 1993. 21: 443-449.

Van de Sandt, J.J.M., W.J.M. Maas, P.C. Doornink, and A.A.J.J.L. Rutten. Release of Arachidonic and Linoleic Acid Metabolites in Skin Organ Cultures as Characteristics of in Vitro Skin Irritancy. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 1995. 25: 20-28.

Van de Sandt, J.J.M. and A.A.J.J.L. Rutten. Differential Effects of Chemical Irritants in Rabbit and Human Skin Organ Cultures. Toxic. in Vitro. 1995. 9(2): 157-168.

Van de Sandt, J., N. Cnubben, G. Elliott, W. Meling, A. De Bie, A. Gilde, W. Leeman, E. Geerlings, J. Kruse, and B. Hakkert. ATLA 1999. 27: 97.

Van Erp, Y.H.M., M.J.E. Koopmans, P.R.C.M. Heirbaut, J.C.M. van der Hoeven, and P.J.J.M Weterings. Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Human Hair Follicles After in Vitro Exposure To 11 Chemicals: Comparison with Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Rat Hepatocytes. Mut. Res. 1992. 271: 201-208.

Vargus, F., H. Mendez, E. Tropper, M. Velazquez, and G. Fraile. Studies on the In Vitro Phototoxicity of the Antidiabetes Drug Glipizide. 2000. In Vitro & Molec. Toxicol. 13(1): 17.

Viviani, B., M. Marinovich and C. L. Galli. Photoprotection Exerted by Sunscreens in a Human Cell Line After UV Damage. ATLA. 1992. 20: 108-115.

Voytik-Harbin, S.L., A. O. Brightman, B. Waisner, C. H. Lamar, and S. F. Badylak. Application and Evaluation of the AlamarBlue Assay for Cell Growth and Survival of Fibroblasts. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Animal 1998. 34: 239-246.

W

Wallace, K. A., J. W. Harbell, N. Accomando, A. Triana, S. Valone and R. D. Curren. Evaluation of the Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Neutral Red Release and Neutral Red Uptake Assay Using the First 10 MEIC Test Materials. Toxic. in Vitro. 1992. 6(4): 367-371.

Walters, K.A., K. R. Brain, W.E. Dressler, D.M. Green, D. Howes, V.J. Janes, C.K. Kelling, A.C. Watkinson and S.D. Gettings. Percutaneous Penetration of N-Nitroso-N-Methyldodecylamine through Human Skin In Vitro: Application of Cosmetic Vehicles. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1997. 35: 705-712.

Walters, K.A., K.R. Brain, D. Howes, V.J. James, A.L. Kraus, N.M. Teetsel, M. Toulon, A.C. Watkinson and S.D. Gettings. Percutaneous Penetration of Octyl Salicylate from Representative Sunscreen Formulations through Human Skin In Vitro. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 1997. 35: 1219-1225.

Ward, R. K., P. N. Nation, M. Maxwell, C. L. Barker, and R. H. Clothier. Evaluation In Vitro of Epidermal Cell Keratinization. Toxic. in Vitro 1997. 11: 633-636.

Ward, R. K., A. W. Hubbard, H. Sulley, M. J. Garle and R. H. Clothier. 1998. Human Keratinocyte Cultures in an In Vitro Approach for the Assessment of Surfactant-Induced Irritation. Toxic. in Vitro. 12: 163-173.

Wester, R. C., T. Hartway, H. Maibach, M. J Schell, D. J. Northington, B. D. Culver, and P. L. Strong. In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption of Boric Acid, Borax, and Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate in Human Skin from Infinite and Finite Dosing. The Toxicologist March 1998. 42 (1-S): 389.

Wester, R.C., J. Melendres, L. Sedik, H. Maibach, and J.E. Riviere. Percutaneous Absorption of Salicylic Acid, Theophylline, 2,4-Dimethylamine, Diethyl Hexyl Phthalic Acid, and p-Aminobenzoic Acid in the Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap Compared to Man In Vivo. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1998. 151: 159-165.

White, L.A., C.D.Capperino and B.L. Allen-Hoffmann. TCDD Induces Expression of Matrix Remodeling Proteases.The Toxicologist 2000. 54(1).Abstract #1299.

Whittle, E. and D. A. Basketter. The In Vitro Skin Corrosivity Test. Development of Method Using Human Skin. Toxic. in Vitro. 1993. 7(3): 265-268.

Whittle, E. and D. A. Basketter. The In Vitro Skin Corrosivity Test. Comparison of In Vitro Human Skin with In Vivo Data. Toxic. in Vitro. 1993. 7(3): 269-273.

Whittle, E. and D. A. Basketter. In Vitro Skin Corrosivity Test Using Human Skin. Toxic. in Vitro 1994. 8(4): 861-863.

Whittle, E., M.D. Barratt, J.A. Carter, D.A. Basketter and M. Chamberlain. Skin Corrosivity Potential of Fatty Acids: In Vitro Rat and Human Skin Testing and QSAR Studies. Toxic. in Vitro 1996. 10: 95-100.

Wilhelm, K.-P., Samblebe, M., and C.-P Siegers. Quantitative In Vitro Assessment of N-Alkyl Sulphate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Keratinocytes (Hacat). Comparison with In Vivo Human Irritation Tests. Brit J. Dermatol. 1994. 130: 18-23.

Williams, P. L., D. Thompson, G. L. Qiao, N. A. Monteiro-Riviere, R. L. Baynes, and J. E. Riviere. The Use Of Mechanistically-Defined Chemical Mixtures (MCDM) to Assess Mixture Component Effects on the Percutaneous Absorption and Cutaneous Disposition of Topically-Exposed Chemicals. II. Development of a General Dermatopharmacokinetic Model for Use in Risk Assessment. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 141: 487-496. 1996.

Williams, P. L., J. D. Brooks, N. A. Monteiro-Riviere and J. E. Riviere. Quantitative Percutaneous Absorption and Distribution of Binary Mixtures of Two Phenols in the Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap. The Toxicologist 15: 324, 1995.

Wilmer, J.L., P.P. Simeonova, D.R. Germolec, and M.I. Luster. Benzene and Its Principal Metabolites Modulate Proinflammatory Cytokines and Growth Factors in Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Cultures. In Vitro Toxicol. 1997. 10(4): 429-436.

Wolf, B.A., S.C. Kwan, J.A. Moral, and L. Rheins. Development of In Vitro Methods for Evaluating the Epidermal and Dermal Effects of Alpha Hydroxy and Amides. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1995. 104(4): 639. Abstract #511.

Worth, A. P., J. H. Fentem, M. Balls, P. A. Botham, R. D. Curren, L. K. Earl, D. J. Esdaile and M. Liebsch. An Evaluation of the Proposed OECD Testing Strategy for Skin Corrosion. ATLA 1998 26(5): 709-720.

Y

Yang, A., Cardona, D.L., and F. A. Barile. (2000). In Vitro Cytotoxicity Testing with Cultured Human Lung and Dermal Cells. The Toxicologist 54(1). Abstract # 1773.

Young, J.R., M.J. How, A.P. Walker, and W.M.H. Worth. Classification as Corrosive or Irritant to Skin of Preparations Containing Acidic or Alkaline Substances, Without Testing on Animals. Toxic. in Vitro. 1988. 2(1): 19-26.

Yourick, J.J. and R. L. Bronaugh. In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption and Metabolism of 2-Nitro-P-Phenylenediamine in Human and Fuzzy Rat Skin. The Toxicologist 1999. 48(1S): 74. Abstract #346.

Z

Zerler, B., E. Roemer, H. Raabe, A. Reeves and J. Harbell. Evaluation of the Phototoxic Potential of Chemically Modified Tetracyclines Using the 3T3 Neutral Red Assay. ATLA 1999.27: 107.

Zhang, J. Z., J. E. Riviere and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Topical Sulfur Mustard Induces Changes In Prostaglandins And Interleukin-1* In Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin. In Vitro Toxicol. 8:149-158. 1995.

Zhang, Z. and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Immunohistochemical Comparison Of Integrin Subunits A2, A3, And B4 Expression in Human Skin, Pig Skin and Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap. The Toxicologist 30: 171. 1996.

Zhang, Z., J. E. Riviere and N. A. Monteiro-Riviere. Protective Effects Of Sodium Thiosulfate, Cysteine, Niacinamide, and Indomethacin on Sulfur Mustard Treated Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin. The Toxicologist 15: 324. 1995.

Zhao, J. F., Y.J. Zhan, J. Kubilus, X.H. Jin, D.R. Bickers, and Z.Y. Wang. Reconstituted 3-Dimensional Human Skin, A New In Vitro Model for Skin Carcinogenesis Study. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1998. 110(4): 525. Abst. #319.

Zinke, S. and I. Gerner. Local Irritation/Corrosion Testing Strategies: Extending a Decision Support System by Applying Self-Learning Classifiers. ATLA 2000. 28(5).

Zinke, S., I. Gerner, G. Graetschel, and E. Schlede. Local Irritation/Corrosion Testing Strategies: Development of A Decision Support System for the Introduction of Alternative Methods. ATLA 2000. 28(1): 29-40.