Helman, M. D., S. Biesaga, and R. J. Koslo. Reformed Human Skin: Potential Screening Tool for Dermal Irritation Testing. The Toxicologist. 1992. 12(1): 297 (Abstract #1147).

aluminum chlorohydrate - 1327-41-9; sodium dodecyl sulfate - 151-21-3; benzethonium chloride - 121-54-0; Tween 40 - 9005-66-7

Reformed human skin was evaluated as an in vitro screen for dermal irritation. Reformed human skin used was purchased from Organogenesis, Inc. or Marrow-Tech, Inc. Testskin models (Organogenesis) evaluated were Living Dermal Equivalent (LDE) and Living Skin Equivalent (LSE). Dermal Model 1 (DM; Marrow-Tech) was also evaluated. Nine ingredients/products were tested and ranked for irritancy potential: benzethonium chloride (BC), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), polysorbate 40 (P40), AlCl3, aluminum chlorhydrate (ACH), zirconium aluminum glycinate (ZAG), BMP-1430 (oil in water emulsion AP), BMP-1690 (oil in water emulsion AP) and BMP 4083 (alcohol/water base AP). Standard protocols for tissue handling of the MTT assay were followed. EC50 values were calculated from dose-response curves for neat materials and used to rank the irritancy potential. Finished products were tested only at full strength and those results were used for ranking. Generally, within a class of test materials the irritancy potential rankings were in agreement with historical in vivo data: BC > or equal to SLS >> P40; AlCl3 >> ZAG > or equal to ACH. The LDE model was also effective in ranking the finished products: BMP-4083 > BMP-1690 > BMP-1430. Reformed human skin appears to have utility in screening the irritancy potential of neat ingredients and finished products.