Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., K. F. Bowman, V. J. Scheidt, and J. Edmond Riviere. The Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flap (IPPSF). II. Ultrastructural and Histological Characterization of Epidermal Viability. In Vitro Toxicol. 1987. 1(4): 241-252.

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Studies in cutaneous toxicology and dermatology would be facilitated in an isolated perfused skin preparation which is viable and possesses a defined venous and arterial vascular supply. This study characterizes the ultrastructural changes that occur in the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) as a result of normal cell death, as a function of the surgical procedure used in creating the skin flap, and as a result of isolated perfusion and with chemical induced toxicity. Ultrastructural examination of cell death at 12 hrs consisted of separation of desmosomes and degenerative organelles. Changes occurring after the surgical procedure consisted of nucleolar redistribution and morphometric analysis depicted an increase in thickness of the epidermis at 2 days. After 12 hrs of isolated perfusion, epidermal cells were normal. The only change observed was nucleolar pleomorphism in the stratum basale and spinosum cell layers. With chemical induced toxicity, large multiple vacuoles were present and glucose extraction ceased. A thorough understanding of these changes is necessary before proper interpretation of lesions can be achieved for future studies using the IPPSF.